Network protocols are a set of rules and procedures that govern communication between devices on a network. They ensure that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently across the network. Some common network protocols include: 1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): This is the most widely used network protocol and is the foundation of the internet. TCP is responsible for breaking data into packets and reassembling them at the receiving end. IP is responsible for addressing and routing the packets to their destination. 2. Ethernet: Ethernet is a widely used protocol for local area networks (LANs). It governs how data is transmitted over a physical network, such as through cables or wireless connections. 3. DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is a protocol that translates domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses so that devices can locate and communicate with each other on the internet. 4. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is the protocol used for transferring hypertext documents, such as web pages, over the internet. It defines how web browsers and servers communicate with each other. 5. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is a protocol used for transferring files between computers on a network. It allows users to upload and download files securely. Overall, network protocols are essential for ensuring that devices can communicate with each other effectively and securely on a network.